Pivotal role of TLR7 protein in lung disease revealed

Photo of Gang Liu, PhD, researcher at the University of Technology Sydney

Research from the Centenary Institute and the University of Technology Sydney could pave the way for new therapies for treating COPD.

Lead study researcher Gang Liu, PhD, senior lecturer and leader of the fibrosis program at the University of Technology Sydney and the Centenary Institute, said TLR7 is typically known for its vital role in supporting the immune system and its fight against certain types of viruses, including those responsible for influenza, measles and hepatitis C. It’s connection to COPD came as something as a surprise.

“Surprisingly, our research shows heightened TLR7 levels in individuals with COPD and also in experimental COPD models involving mice,” Dr. Liu said.

The researchers discovered that mice deficient in the TLR7 protein experienced less severe lung issues when they were exposed to conditions resembling COPD. They also observed that imiquimod, a drug known to activate TLR7, exacerbates lung problems in mice with no pre-existing health issues.

“These preclinical findings shed light on TLR7’s unexpected role in aggravating lung conditions,” Dr. Liu said.

The study also found that TLR7 increases the number and activity of mast cells — a type of immune cell known to be detrimental to COPD patients.

“Mast cells play a significant role in worsening COPD by initiating and perpetuating inflammation within the fragile lung tissues, making it harder for people to breath,” Dr. Liu said. “We found that higher TLR7 levels increase mast cell activity, escalating lung problems.”

Prof. Phil Hansbro, director of the Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation, said the revelation that TLR7, which normally acts as a defense against certain viruses, also unexpectedly worsens lung problems could lead to new avenues of treatment.

“Blocking TLR7 with targeted drugs could be a promising new therapeutic approach for COPD,” he said.

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